TUGAS SOFTSKILL 2 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 1

Find the definition and the function of the following letter :

1. inquiry letter
Definition: A letter of inquiry, also known as a prospecting letter or letter of interest, is sent to companies that may be hiring, but, haven't listed specific job openings.
Your inquiry letter should contain information on why the company interests you and why your skills and experience would be an asset to the company. Also provide information on how you will follow-up and where you can be reached. The function is to convince the company that the sender is reasonable to get the position / job.

Example :  
Anzar Nurzaman
Jl. Panda 5 no. 121
bekasi, Indonesia
089635829945
anzar.nurzaman@yahoo.com
12 November 2014
Mr. Mustofa
Inquiry letter
Permata Bank
Jl. Jatimulya no. 132
Cikarang, Indonesia
Dear Mr. Mustofa,
For the past ten years I have followed your career through news events, interviews and web research. Your dedication to the Fourth Estate and your understanding of the important role journalists play in today's fast-paced information highway, coupled with your belief in the power of the press is exemplary.
I have had the privilege of honing my journalistic abilities on three widely different publications. When I left college, I immediately went to work for the typical small town newspaper and learned all aspects of getting the paper to the people in a timely manner. I then moved to regional manager for a media corporation composed of small to mid-size newspapers in the Midwest. In my current position, I am Chief Correspondent for one of the largest newspapers in the southwest.
I would like an opportunity to visit with you to get your insight and suggestions on where my skills and abilities would be of the greatest value to the ABD Company, and to inquire about possible job openings with the company.
I will call your office to set a convenient time. I do look forward to meeting you.
Sincerely,
 (Signature)
Anzar Nurzaman

Source : http://jobsearch.about.com/od/jobsearchglossary/g/inquiryletter.htm


2. Order Letter

An order letter is usually written when a company purchases or buys  or orders goods or services from another party. An order letter can also be written by an individual who would like to buy or purchase goods or services.

Example : 

154 Green Avenue
Newyork, USA
January 5, 2010

Ms. K. Hutchinson
Beller Company, Inc.
424 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10021

Dear Ms. Hutchinson :

Thank you for sending your catalog so promptly. It arrived within a few days of my request. Please send me the following items by parcel post :

1 copy Emmet and Mullen,
High School Algebra @ $7.50 $ 7.50
25 copies Pinehurst,
Plane Geometry @ $8.75 $ 218.75
Total $ 226.25
I am enclosing a money order for 226.25. If there are additional charges, please let me know.
Please mail the books to the address given above.

Very truly yours,


Brandon Michael
(Adapted from Let’s Write English by George E. Wishon & Julia M. Burks)

Source : http://www.englet.com/order


3. Complaint letter

A letter of complaint, or complaint letter, is normally written to deal with a problem situation when other attempts (i.e. phone contacts, e-mails, etc.) have failed to rectify the situation.

Example : 

4739 French St.
Tampa FL 33660

July 18, 20xx
Mr. Kevin McManus
National Manager, Customer Service
Energy Corporation Inc.
Heritage Building, Suite 200
795 Foundation Dr.
New York, NY 10014
RE: EnerCorp Credit Card: 263 181 869 3 900XX

I had been an EnerCorp credit card holder for the previous ten years. Before that, I was a Texacana card-holder for over 20 years. I seem to recall that when EnerCorp took over/bought out Texacana ten years ago, the switch of companies/credit cards was handled smoothly and seamlessly. I wish the same was the case ten years later when EnerCorp recently transferred its credit card operations to NYBank.

I was well aware of the impending changeover to NYBank a couple of months before it happened. I had received a notice of the planned change in the mail, and it was discussed often at my local EnerCorp station when I paid for my gas (with my EnerCorp credit card). More than once, I inquired, and was assured that I would receive a new credit card in the mail before the April 27th deadline. Unfortunately, that did not happen. April 27th came and went, without me receiving a replacement card, or even an application for a new one. Apparently, I am not the only one that this happened to.

After realizing that I was suddenly without a gasoline credit card, after 30 years with one, I called a couple of your 1-800 numbers and I was advised that I would have to re-apply for a credit card with EnerCorp via the NYBank. Incredible as this seemed, I requested an application and one was sent. It appears to be the same kind of application that one fills in after walking in off the street. The fact that I had been a credit card-holder with EnerCorp (and its predecessor Texacana before that) for some 30 years in total, did not seem to cut any mustard with you people, or your friends at the NYBank.

It is hard to believe that companies are still doing business this way in the year 20xx. Have you people (or your colleagues at NYBank) ever heard of the concept of MVC (Most Valuable Customer). Just in case you aren't familiar with this approach, the MVC is the customer that you already have (i.e. me). Normally, these are the customers you don't want to lose. After all, research has revealed that it will cost you seven times as much to find a new customer as it does to keep an existing one (i.e. me). What about current "customer-centric" concepts such as One-to-One marketing? Or, have you ever heard of customer relationships management (CRM)?

For your information, about two years ago American Hardware transferred its credit card management program to Master Card and it was absolutely transparent to American Hardware card-holders who simply received a replacement Master Card before the American card expired. Maybe you should have consulted those companies.

In closing, would you please advise me as soon as possible if EnerCorp (now via NYBank) is still interested in doing business with me, or if what has happened here is your not so subtle way of telling me to do my gasoline business elsewhere.

Sincerely,


John Swetnam, M.B.A.

Source : http://www.writinghelp-central.com/complaint-letter-samples.html
             http://www.writinghelp-central.com/complaint-letter.html



4. Application letter

An application letter is merely another name for a cover letter, the official business letter often included with a job application and/or resume and sent to a prospective employer. Although application letters are generally considered optional components of applying for a job, more and more frequently, employers are singling out those who actually take the time to write an application letter as their top picks. Here are a few components of a typical, successful application letter:

Example :

John Donaldson
8 Sue Circle
Smithtown, CA 08067
909-555-5555
john.donaldson@emailexample.com
Date
George Gilhooley
XYZ Company
87 Delaware Road
Hatfield, CA 08065
Dear Mr. Gilhooley,
I am writing to apply for the programmer position advertised in the Times Union. As requested, I am enclosing a completed job application, my certification, my resume and three references.
The opportunity presented in this listing is very interesting, and I believe that my strong technical experience and education will make me a very competitive candidate for this position. The key strengths that I possess for success in this position include:
• I have successfully designed, developed, and supported live use applications
• I strive for continued excellence
• I provide exceptional contributions to customer service for all customers
With a BS degree in Computer Programming, I have a full understanding of the full life cycle of a software development project. I also have experience in learning and excelling at new technologies as needed.
Please see my resume for additional information on my experience.
I can be reached anytime via email at john.donaldson@emailexample.com or my cell phone, 909-555-5555.
Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to speaking with you about this employment opportunity.
Sincerely,
Signature (for hard copy letter)
John Donaldson

Source : http://jobsearch.about.com/od/morejobletters/a/jobappletter.htm
             http://www.ehow.com/facts_5003488_definition-application-letter.html


5. memo

a short note designating something to be remembered, especially something to be done or acted upon in the future; reminde

Example : 

TO: Kelly Anderson, Marketing Executive
FROM: Jonathon Fitzgerald, Market Research Assistant
DATE: June 14, 2007
SUBJECT: Fall Clothes Line Promotion
Market research and analysis show that the proposed advertising media for the new fall lines need to be reprioritized and changed. Findings from focus groups and surveys have made it apparent that we need to update our advertising efforts to align them with the styles and trends of young adults today. No longer are young adults interested in sitcoms as they watch reality televisions shows. Also, it is has become increasingly important to use the internet as a tool to communicate with our target audience to show our dominance in the clothing industry.
Internet Advertising
XYZ Company needs to focus advertising on internet sites that appeal to young people. According to surveys, 72% of our target market uses the internet for five hours or more per week. The following list shows in order of popularity the most frequented sites:
• Google
• Facebook
• Myspace
• EBay
• iTunes
Shifting our efforts from our other media sources such as radio and magazine to these popular internet sites will more effectively promote our product sales. Young adults are spending more and more time on the internet downloading music, communicating and researching for homework and less and less time reading paper magazines and listening to the radio. As the trend for cultural icons to go digital, so must our marketing plans.
Television Advertising
It used to be common to advertise for our products on shows like Friends and Seinfeld for our target audience, but even the face of television is changing. Young adults are tuning into reality television shows for their entertainment. Results from the focus group show that our target audience is most interested in shows like American Idol,The Apprentice, andAmerica's Next Top Model. The only non-reality television show to be ranked in the top ten most commonly watched shows by males and females 18-25 is Desperate Housewives. At Blue Incorporated, we need to focus our advertising budget on reality television shows and reduce the amount of advertising spent on other programs.
By refocusing our advertising efforts of our new line of clothing we will be able to maximize the exposure of our product to our target market and therefore increase our sales. Tapping into the trends of young adults will help us gain market share and sales through effective advertising.

Source : https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/590/04/

UNUVERSITAS GUNADARMA

www.gunadarma.ac.id

www.studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id

TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 1

 1.     Find The definition of Business letter (theory) !

Business letters - theory

The term “business letters” refers to any written communication that begins with a salutation, ends with a signature and whose contents are professional in nature. There are many standard types of business letters, and each of them has a specific focus.

A business letter is usually a letter from one company to another, or between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter depends on the relationship between the parties concerned. Business letters can have many types of contents, for example to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to point out a mistake by the letter's recipient, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong, or to convey goodwill. A business letter is sometimes useful because it produces a permanent written record, and may be taken more seriously by the recipient than other forms of communication

Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046

          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_letter

2. Mention The types, The parts, The styles of Business letter !

·        The Types

Sales Letters

Typical sales letters start off with a very strong statement to capture the interest of the reader. Since the purpose is to get the reader to do something, these letters include strong calls to action, detail the benefit to the reader of taking the action and include information to help the reader to act, such as including a telephone number or website link.

Order Letters

Order letters are sent by consumers or businesses to a manufacturer, retailer or wholesaler to order goods or services. These letters must contain specific information such as model number, name of the product, the quantity desired and expected price. Payment is sometimes included with the letter.

Complaint Letters

The words and tone you choose to use in a letter complaining to a business may be the deciding factor on whether your complaint is satisfied. Be direct but tactful and always use a professional tone if you want the company to listen to you.

Adjustment Letters

An adjustment letter is normally sent in response to a claim or complaint. If the adjustment is in the customer’s favor, begin the letter with that news. If not, keep your tone factual and let the customer know that you understand the complaint.

Inquiry Letters

Inquiry letters ask a question or elicit information from the recipient. When composing this type of letter, keep it clear and succinct and list exactly what information you need. Be sure to include your contact information so that it is easy for the reader to respond.

Follow-Up Letter

Follow-up letters are usually sent after some type of initial communication. This could be a sales department thanking a customer for an order, a businessman reviewing the outcome of a meeting or a job seeker inquiring about the status of his application. In many cases, these letters are a combination thank-you note and sales letter.

Letters of Recommendation

Prospective employers often ask job applicants for letters of recommendation before they hire them. This type of letter is usually from a previous employer or professor, and it describes the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.

Acknowledgment Letters

Acknowledgment letters act as simple receipts. Businesses send them to let others know that they have received a prior communication, but action may or may not have taken place.

Cover Letter

Cover letters usually accompany a package, report or other merchandise. They are used to describe what is enclosed, why it is being sent and what the recipient should do with it, if there is any action that needs to be taken. These types of letters are generally very short and succinct.

Letters of Resignation

When an employee plans to leave his job, a letter of resignation is usually sent to his immediate manager giving him notice and letting him know when the last day of employment will be. In many cases, the employee also will detail his reason for leaving the company.

Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046

·        The Parts

-         The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.

-         Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005

(12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.

-         The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.

The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.

-         The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).

-         The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: orRe: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."

-         The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.

-         The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)

-         Signature and Writer’s identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.

-         Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.

	American Style	British Style
Heading	According to the format but  usually aligned to the left	The heading is usually placed  in the top right corner of the letter  (sometimes centred)
Date	October 19, 2005 (month-day-  year)  According to the format but  usually  aligned to the left  (two lines below the heading)	19 October 2005 (day-month-year)  Usually placed directly (or 1 blank  line)  below the heading.
Salutation	Dear Mr./Ms. Smith:  Dear Sir or Madam:  Gentlemen:  After the salutation there is a colon  (:)	Dear Mr./Ms. Smith,  Dear Sir or Madam,  Dear Sirs,  After the salutation there is a comma  (,)
Complimentary close	Sincerely,  Sincerely yours,  Yours truly,	Sincerely,  Yours sincerely,  Yours faithfully,

Source : http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/business-letter-parts.html

·        The Types

Sales Letters

Typical sales letters start off with a very strong statement to capture the interest of the reader. Since the purpose is to get the reader to do something, these letters include strong calls to action, detail the benefit to the reader of taking the action and include information to help the reader to act, such as including a telephone number or website link.

Order Letters

Order letters are sent by consumers or businesses to a manufacturer, retailer or wholesaler to order goods or services. These letters must contain specific information such as model number, name of the product, the quantity desired and expected price. Payment is sometimes included with the letter.

Complaint Letters

The words and tone you choose to use in a letter complaining to a business may be the deciding factor on whether your complaint is satisfied. Be direct but tactful and always use a professional tone if you want the company to listen to you.

Adjustment Letters

An adjustment letter is normally sent in response to a claim or complaint. If the adjustment is in the customer’s favor, begin the letter with that news. If not, keep your tone factual and let the customer know that you understand the complaint.

Inquiry Letters

Inquiry letters ask a question or elicit information from the recipient. When composing this type of letter, keep it clear and succinct and list exactly what information you need. Be sure to include your contact information so that it is easy for the reader to respond.

Follow-Up Letter

Follow-up letters are usually sent after some type of initial communication. This could be a sales department thanking a customer for an order, a businessman reviewing the outcome of a meeting or a job seeker inquiring about the status of his application. In many cases, these letters are a combination thank-you note and sales letter.

Letters of Recommendation

Prospective employers often ask job applicants for letters of recommendation before they hire them. This type of letter is usually from a previous employer or professor, and it describes the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.

Acknowledgment Letters

Acknowledgment letters act as simple receipts. Businesses send them to let others know that they have received a prior communication, but action may or may not have taken place.

Cover Letter

Cover letters usually accompany a package, report or other merchandise. They are used to describe what is enclosed, why it is being sent and what the recipient should do with it, if there is any action that needs to be taken. These types of letters are generally very short and succinct.

Letters of Resignation

When an employee plans to leave his job, a letter of resignation is usually sent to his immediate manager giving him notice and letting him know when the last day of employment will be. In many cases, the employee also will detail his reason for leaving the company.

Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046

3. Give One example of Business letter !

Letter of Invitation

PJ Party

22 Yew Street, Cambridge, Ontario

Tel: 416-223-8900

April 7th, 20--

Dear Valued Customer:

Our records show that you have been a customer of PJ Party Inc. since our grand opening last year. We would like to thank you for your business by inviting you to our preferred customer Spring Extravaganza this Saturday.

Saturday's sales event is by invitation only. All of our stock, including pajamas and bedding will be marked down from 50-80% off.* Doors open at 9:00 AM sharp. Complimentary coffee and donuts will be served. Public admission will commence at noon.

In addition, please accept the enclosed $10 gift certificate to use with your purchase of $75 or more.

We look forward to seeing you at PJ's on Saturday. Please bring this invitation with you and present it at the door.

Sincerely,

Linda Lane

Linda Lane

Store Manager

pjpartyinc@shoponline.com

*All sales are final. No exchanges.

Enclosure: Gift Certificate #345 (not redeemable for cash)

Source : https://www.englishclub.com/business-english/correspondence-invitation.htm

universitas gunadarma

www.gunadarma.ac.id

www.studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id

1. find the definitions businness letter

Business letters - theory

The term “business letters” refers to any written communication that begins with a salutation, ends with a signature and whose contents are professional in nature. There are many standard types of business letters, and each of them has a specific focus.

A business letter is usually a letter from one company to another, or between such organizations and their customers, clients and other external parties. The overall style of letter depends on the relationship between the parties concerned. Business letters can have many types of contents, for example to request direct information or action from another party, to order supplies from a supplier, to point out a mistake by the letter's recipient, to reply directly to a request, to apologize for a wrong, or to convey goodwill. A business letter is sometimes useful because it produces a permanent written record, and may be taken more seriously by the recipient than other forms of communication

Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046

          http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_letter

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

www.gunadarma.ac.id

www.studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id

3. Give One example of Business letter !

Letter of Invitation

PJ Party

22 Yew Street, Cambridge, Ontario

Tel: 416-223-8900

April 7th, 20--

Dear Valued Customer:

Our records show that you have been a customer of PJ Party Inc. since our grand opening last year. We would like to thank you for your business by inviting you to our preferred customer Spring Extravaganza this Saturday.

Saturday's sales event is by invitation only. All of our stock, including pajamas and bedding will be marked down from 50-80% off.* Doors open at 9:00 AM sharp. Complimentary coffee and donuts will be served. Public admission will commence at noon.

In addition, please accept the enclosed $10 gift certificate to use with your purchase of $75 or more.

We look forward to seeing you at PJ's on Saturday. Please bring this invitation with you and present it at the door.

Sincerely,

Linda Lane

Linda Lane

Store Manager

pjpartyinc@shoponline.com

*All sales are final. No exchanges.

Enclosure: Gift Certificate #345 (not redeemable for cash)

Source : https://www.englishclub.com/business-english/correspondence-invitation.htm

UNIVERTAS GUNADARMA

www.gunadarma.ac.id

www.studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id

2. Mention The types, The parts, The styles of Business letter !

·        The Types

Sales Letters
Typical sales letters start off with a very strong statement to capture the interest of the reader. Since the purpose is to get the reader to do something, these letters include strong calls to action, detail the benefit to the reader of taking the action and include information to help the reader to act, such as including a telephone number or website link.

Order Letters
Order letters are sent by consumers or businesses to a manufacturer, retailer or wholesaler to order goods or services. These letters must contain specific information such as model number, name of the product, the quantity desired and expected price. Payment is sometimes included with the letter.

Complaint Letters
The words and tone you choose to use in a letter complaining to a business may be the deciding factor on whether your complaint is satisfied. Be direct but tactful and always use a professional tone if you want the company to listen to you.

Adjustment Letters
An adjustment letter is normally sent in response to a claim or complaint. If the adjustment is in the customer’s favor, begin the letter with that news. If not, keep your tone factual and let the customer know that you understand the complaint.

Inquiry Letters
Inquiry letters ask a question or elicit information from the recipient. When composing this type of letter, keep it clear and succinct and list exactly what information you need. Be sure to include your contact information so that it is easy for the reader to respond.

Follow-Up Letter
Follow-up letters are usually sent after some type of initial communication. This could be a sales department thanking a customer for an order, a businessman reviewing the outcome of a meeting or a job seeker inquiring about the status of his application. In many cases, these letters are a combination thank-you note and sales letter.

Letters of Recommendation
Prospective employers often ask job applicants for letters of recommendation before they hire them. This type of letter is usually from a previous employer or professor, and it describes the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.

Acknowledgment Letters
Acknowledgment letters act as simple receipts. Businesses send them to let others know that they have received a prior communication, but action may or may not have taken place.

Cover Letter
Cover letters usually accompany a package, report or other merchandise. They are used to describe what is enclosed, why it is being sent and what the recipient should do with it, if there is any action that needs to be taken. These types of letters are generally very short and succinct.

Letters of Resignation
When an employee plans to leave his job, a letter of resignation is usually sent to his immediate manager giving him notice and letting him know when the last day of employment will be. In many cases, the employee also will detail his reason for leaving the company.
Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046


·        The Parts

-         The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.

-         Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005
(12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.

-         The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.

The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.

-         The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).

-         The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: orRe: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."

-         The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.

-         The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)

-         Signature and Writer’s identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.

-         Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.


American Style
British Style
Heading
According to the format but
usually aligned to the left
The heading is usually placed
in the top right corner of the letter
(sometimes centred)
Date
October 19, 2005 (month-day-year)
According to the format but usually
aligned to the left
(two lines below the heading)
19 October 2005 (day-month-year)
Usually placed directly (or 1 blank line)
below the heading.
Salutation
Dear Mr./Ms. Smith:
Dear Sir or Madam:
Gentlemen:
After the salutation there is a colon (:)
Dear Mr./Ms. Smith,
Dear Sir or Madam,
Dear Sirs,
After the salutation there is a comma (,)
Complimentary close
Sincerely,
Sincerely yours,
Yours truly,
Sincerely,
Yours sincerely,
Yours faithfully,

Source : http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/business-letter-parts.html


·        The Types

Sales Letters
Typical sales letters start off with a very strong statement to capture the interest of the reader. Since the purpose is to get the reader to do something, these letters include strong calls to action, detail the benefit to the reader of taking the action and include information to help the reader to act, such as including a telephone number or website link.

Order Letters
Order letters are sent by consumers or businesses to a manufacturer, retailer or wholesaler to order goods or services. These letters must contain specific information such as model number, name of the product, the quantity desired and expected price. Payment is sometimes included with the letter.

Complaint Letters
The words and tone you choose to use in a letter complaining to a business may be the deciding factor on whether your complaint is satisfied. Be direct but tactful and always use a professional tone if you want the company to listen to you.

Adjustment Letters
An adjustment letter is normally sent in response to a claim or complaint. If the adjustment is in the customer’s favor, begin the letter with that news. If not, keep your tone factual and let the customer know that you understand the complaint.

Inquiry Letters
Inquiry letters ask a question or elicit information from the recipient. When composing this type of letter, keep it clear and succinct and list exactly what information you need. Be sure to include your contact information so that it is easy for the reader to respond.

Follow-Up Letter
Follow-up letters are usually sent after some type of initial communication. This could be a sales department thanking a customer for an order, a businessman reviewing the outcome of a meeting or a job seeker inquiring about the status of his application. In many cases, these letters are a combination thank-you note and sales letter.

Letters of Recommendation
Prospective employers often ask job applicants for letters of recommendation before they hire them. This type of letter is usually from a previous employer or professor, and it describes the sender’s relationship with and opinion of the job seeker.

Acknowledgment Letters
Acknowledgment letters act as simple receipts. Businesses send them to let others know that they have received a prior communication, but action may or may not have taken place.

Cover Letter
Cover letters usually accompany a package, report or other merchandise. They are used to describe what is enclosed, why it is being sent and what the recipient should do with it, if there is any action that needs to be taken. These types of letters are generally very short and succinct.

Letters of Resignation
When an employee plans to leave his job, a letter of resignation is usually sent to his immediate manager giving him notice and letting him know when the last day of employment will be. In many cases, the employee also will detail his reason for leaving the company.
Source : http://vkjournal.ru/doc/39046

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

www.gunadarma.ac.id

www.studentsite.gunadarma.ac.id

Analisa Debat Pertama Capres Dan Cawapres 2014

Dalam debat capres pertama ini ada beberapa catatan yang menarik. Pertama, tema “Pembangunan Demokrasi Pemerintahan Yang Bersih Dan Kepastian Hukum” debat kali ini tema yang menguntungkan Jokowi-JK. Jokowi berpengalaman menjadi kepala daerah dan JK berpengalaman menjadi wakil presiden. Dalam debat ini terlihat bagaimana Jokowi fasih berbicara, tidak hanya tentang visi misi, tetapi juga strategi kongkrit untuk mengatasi persoalan. Ketika ditanya tentang tidak sinkronnya kebijakan pusat dan daerah, Jokowi menjawab dengan mudah bahwa masalahnya terdapat di politik anggaran. Begitu juga pertanyaan terkait pemilukada.

Sebaliknya, tema ini kurang menguntungkan kubu Prabowo-Hatta. Walaupun Hatta tampil sangat baik dalam menjawab dan menguraikan persoalan, waktu sering kali lebih didominasi Prabowo yang banyak berbicara tentang retorika. Selain itu, tema terkait kepastian hukum akan menyudutkan Prabowo terkait peristiwa 1998.

Kedua, pertanyaan yang dilontarkan masing-masing kandidat tidak seimbang. Pertanyaan dari Prabowo terkait pemilukada yang menelan biaya besar sampai 13 trilyun, sangat mudah dijawab oleh Jokowi yang telah sembilan tahun menjadi kepala daerah. Parahnya lagi, jawaban Jokowi-Hatta bukan dibalikkan oleh Hatta yang justru malah mengamini jawaban kubu seberang. Pada pertanyaan terkait syarat dan kriteria pemekaran, Prabowo justru memberikan kata-kata kunci seperti jumlah penduduk, luas wilayah, kemampuan ekonomi daerah, yang membantu Jokowi menjawabnya.

Sebaliknya, JK menanyakan pertanyaan yang menohok Prabowo terkait pelanggaran HAM yang sudah menjadi kampanye negatif sejak awal deklarasi. Pertanyaan yang sama sudah diajukan moderator dalam format yang lain yang tidak dijawab Prabowo. Sayangnya, Prabowo terlihat emosional menjawab pertanyaan “mudah” ini. Suaranya bergetar cukup terasa sehingga Jokowi meredamnya dengan mengatakan Prabowo terlalu bersemangat. Pertanyaan terkait HAM untuk Prabowo adalah pertanyaan yang sudah diajukan ratusan kali dan hampir pasti akan diajukan dalam debat capres. Seharusnya, Prabowo dapat dengan mudah menjawab pertanyaan ini. Untungnya, Prabowo tampak cepat kembali menurunkan emosinya ke level normal.

Ketiga, Jokowi terlihat lebih melakukan persiapan dibandingkan Prabowo. Bahkan, terlihat jelas bagaimana “contekan” Jokowi terpampang cukup lama diluar jasnya. Belakangan ramai di twitter yang mengatakan itu adalah contekan doa Jokowi dari ibu, padahal ukuran kertasnya terlihat berbeda. Pada sesi terakhir saat pidato penutup, Jokowi bahkan membaca baris demi baris kertas contekannya. Sebaliknya, tim Prabowo kurang bisa menghadirkan pertanyaan yang “menggigit” untuk kubu Jokowi. Salah satu blunder terbesar Prabowo ketika dia mengatakan akan kembali ke UUD tgl 18 Agustus 1945. Hal ini jelas mencederai semangat reformasi. UUD sebelum amandemen pernah digunakan Sukarno tahun 1959-1965 dan Suharto 1966-1998 untuk menjalankan pemerintahan otoriter.

Prabowo sebenarnya punya keunggulan potensial dibandingkan Jokowi. Dengan basis pendidikan modern, seperti terlihat di berbagai wawancara dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia, Prabowo lebih bisa menyajikan gagasannya secara lebih terstruktur dan komprehensif dibanding Jokowi. Sejak masih muda, Prabowo sudah dilatih untuk berbicara di depan publik, misalnya sejak berpangkat letnan dua pada usia 20an, Prabowo sudah berbicara dengan anak buahnya yang pangkatnya lebih rendah, paling tidak dalam apel-apel rutin. Pada saat itu, Jokowi masih sibuk dengan amplas, meja dan kursi.

Potensi dan kelebihan Prabowo inilah yang harusnya ditonjolkan dalam debat capres yang menjadi puncak bagi seluruh perjuangan politiknya selama ini. Sayangnya, modal dasar Prabowo seperti kurang muncul dalam debat pertama.

Jokowi sadar betul dengan kelemahannya yang tampil kurang meyakinkan di depan publik dan mendengarkan nasihat tim kampanyenya secara mendalam. Dia dan JK cukup efektif berbagi peran. JK menjadi penyerang Prabowo yang efektif sementara Jokowi lebih bertugas memaparkan ide dan gagasan.

Hanya saja, kampanye masih panjang. Materi debat tentang Ekonomi atau Ketahanan Nasional mungkin akan lebih menguntungkan Prabowo-Hatta karena pengalaman Prabowo di militer dan Hatta di ekonomi makro. Satu hal yang pasti, debat capres bukan hanya tentang bagaimana performa dan kapasitas individual pasangan capres dan cawapres tetapi juga memperlihatkan kesolidan tim kampanye masing-masing pasangan.

Analisa Hasil Debat Capres 2014

Debat malam ini terasa benar benar berbobot dari dua belah pihak. Saya akan menganalisa tentang Pendidikan dan Kesehatan, lalu tentang Ekonomi Kreatif, dalam debat capres saat itu.

Pendidikan dan kesehatan 

         Untuk masalah pendidkan, prabowo mencangankan wajib belajar 12 tahun dengan biaya negara (artinya wajib 12 tahun gratis) dengan penambahan anggaran 40 trilliun untuk merealisasikannya, sementara di bidang kesehatan, prabowo lebih fokus pada peningkatan pendapatan bagi para pekerja dibidang kesehatan seperti dokter ,perawat atau bidan.

        Untuk anggaran wajib belajar 12 tahun, cukup realistis jika butuh anggaran 40 trilliun, anggaran ini bisa didapat dari kebocoran anggaran negara atau pemotongan subsidi yang juga diamini oleh jokowi. Namun di sisi kesehatan, prabowo hanya fokus ke masalah gaji dan UANG. Meningkatkan kesejahteraan itu penting, namun kenapa tidak dibahas masalah obat murah, atau subsidi buat rumah sakit terutama swasta sehingga tidak ada lagi rumah sakit menolak pasien karena tidak mampu. Rumah sakit swasta cukup banyak diindonesia, harusnya ada anggaran buat RS Swasta ini,, menngingat biaya operasional rumah sakit memang murni dari tarikan biaya pasien. Jadi, jangan salahkan RS kalau menolak pasien, karena bayar obat, dokter dan alat alat kesehatan itu juga butuh dana. Poin ini tidak dibahas oleh prabowo.

       Sementara di kubu jokowi, mengandalkan kartu indonesia sehat dan kartu sejenis untuk pendidikan (mungkin maksudnya jokowi itu kartu untuk rakyat tidak mampu sekolah). intinya, jokowi fokus ke dua kartu itu.

Tidak salah dengan kartu itu, masalahnya ide JOKOWI sudah diimplementasikan oleh SBY dengan program BPJS sejak 1 januari tahun 2014 ini. Jadi buat apa kartu jakarta sehat di 'nasionalisasi'? ,SBY bisa ketawa dengar penjelasan jokowi.

Untuk masalah pendidikan, sepertinya jokowi dan Prabowo sepakat bahwa pendidikan 12 tahun wajib itu adalah bagus, dan keduanya sepakat anggaran bisa diambil dari pemotongan subsidi BBM.

Ekonomi kreatif 

       Pertanyaan jokowi ini benar benar menohok ke Prabowo, saking fokusnya prabowo ke pertanian, prabowo tidak siap dengan peranyaan seperti ini, bahkan prabowo tidak paham tentang ekonomi kreatif itu sendiri. Jawaban prabowo tidak mengena. Jokowi lebih menguasai masalah ini mengingat jokowi dekat dengan pelaku ekonomi kreatif seperti desainer, musisi, aktor atau perajin.

      Prabowo sepertinya baru paham ekonomi kreatif setelah dijelaskan oleh jokowi dan baru jawaban prabowo mendukung tentang ekonomi kreatif dengan memberi contoh anaknya. Prabowo juga cukup elegan menjawab pertanyaan ini dengan mendukung ide bagus jokowi dan 'menyalahkan' tim suksesnya. Prabowo bersikap kesatria dengan menghargai ide dari lawannya. Ini merupakan sikap yang sangat baik dan sangat diapresiasi, bahkan pendukung jokowi di twitter pun mengapresiasi dukungan prabowo . Dengan bahasa tweet "prabowo aja dukung jokowi". Nah ini contoh debat yang mendidik, tujuannya bukan menang, tapi mencari solusi dari permasalahan bangsa.